LDN: A Surprisingly Useful Drug
By Mila McManus, MD
It’s been a while since we posted an article about this, so I wanted to revisit it. LDN is a great example of a surprisingly useful prescription drug for three reasons. First, LDN does not mask symptoms, unlike most prescription drugs. Second, it regulates a dysregulated immune system and reduces inflammation. Third, LDN has no known side effects other than transient effects on sleep and vivid dreams.
Since inflammation and immune dysregulation are at the root of many diseases, especially autoimmunity, clinicians are using it for a whole range of conditions involving inflammation and immune dysregulation, including Hashimoto’s, Grave’s, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, MS, ALS, alopecia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and neurogenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. LDN is also used as a complementary medicine by functional specialists for cancer and HIV/AIDS, as well as for post-radiation salivary gland destruction, chronic allergic rhinitis, nerve damage, autism, shingles, weight management, infertility, and migraines.
A Little Background on LDN
The original commercial prescription use of Naltrexone was approved by the FDA in 1984 in a 50mg dose and was used for helping opiate addicts get off illegal and prescription drugs by blocking opiate receptors. It’s also used to reverse opiate overdose (e.g., heroin, morphine). Since then, many doctors have pioneered the use of Naltrexone at very low doses, thus the name Low-Dose Naltrexone, or LDN. One of the first was Bernard Bihari, MD, a physician in New York City who was interested in treating cancer and AIDS patients. He discovered that low doses, between 3 and 4.5 mg, had very beneficial effects on the immune system. Over the last 25 years, there have been increasingly more clinical trials with favorable results. Additionally, clinical and anecdotal experience is showing improvements for a wide variety of conditions. Studies with LDN have been especially encouraging for treating Crohn’s, with over a 70% remission rate and even complete mucosal healing as evidenced by colonoscopy in some cases.
Mechanisms of LDN
So far, two main mechanisms of LDN have been identified. First, LDN modulates the immune system by helping the T regulatory cells balance immune function without suppressing the body’s ability to regenerate and repair. T regulatory cells are responsible for turning inflammation on and off in the body. Patients with overactive immune systems (such as asthma, allergies, and autoimmune conditions) have immune systems that get “stuck in overdrive.” LDN helps to get the system balanced again.
Second, LDN reduces inflammation in the central nervous system, which is thought to play a significant role in fibromyalgia, other forms of chronic pain, and depression. In the central nervous system, receptors are found on certain brain cells called microglia. These cells can become chronically activated, resulting in neurotoxicity, which causes a cascade of symptoms that are associated with chronic pain, fatigue, mood disorders, and cognitive problems. LDN reduces inflammation and quiets the microglia, which slows or stops the cascade of symptoms.
Other Important Advantages
Another important advantage is that LDN is safe for almost everyone. People who regularly use opioid drugs or narcotic pain medication should not take LDN (however, there is a newer FDA-approved morphine that has a VERY low dose of LDN combined with it). LDN is not addictive and can be stopped abruptly without harm or withdrawal.
While most conventional healthcare practitioners are unfamiliar with LDN, it’s gained popularity in functional medicine. At TWIHW, we’ve been prescribing LDN for several years for all sorts of health issues. Because it’s specially compounded, it’s not covered by insurance. Dosing is very personalized for each patient. In our practice, the dose varies from 0.5mg per day to 4.5mg twice daily. Depending on the purpose or need, it can be formulated into capsules, sublingual drops, topical creams, nasal sprays, and eye drops.
Is LDN right for you? Be sure to ask your medical provider during your next visit!
Resources:
http://www.lowdosenaltrexone.org/